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来源:中外医学研究 ·2020年11月18日 10:28 浏览量:2576

李翔 杨铭 董茜

 

 

 

【摘要】 色素上皮衍生因子(pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)是具有多种生理活性的糖蛋白,包含抗血管重生、下降血管通透性、抗肿瘤以及神经养分活性。最近研讨标明PEDF能够调理糖代谢和脂代谢,与胰岛素反抗的有必定的联络。本文就PEDF引起胰岛素反抗这方面的研讨做一总述,论述了PEDF与代谢性疾病的广泛联络,并总结了PEDF引起胰岛素反抗的或许机制。

【关键词】 PEDF; 代谢; 胰岛素反抗; 机制

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2017.5.088 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1674-6805(2017)05-0162-03

The Relationships of PEDF and Insulin Resistance/LI Xiang,YANG Ming,DONG Qian.//Chinese and Foreign Medical Research,2017,15(5):162-164

【Abstract】 Pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF) is a glycoprotein with a variety of physiological activities including anti-angiogenic,anti-vasopermeability,anti-tumor,and neurotrophic activities.Recent studies have shown that PEDF is a metabolic regulatory protein that plays a casual role in glucose and lipid metabolism.This review focus on researches which regard PEDF as the causes of insulin resistance,describes the extensive contacts between PEDF and metabolic diseases,and summarizes the probable mechanisms adopted by PEDF to induce insulin resistance.

【Key words】 PEDF; metabolism; Insulin resistance; Mechanisms

First-authors address:Xuzhou Medical University,Xuzhou 221000,China

PEDF是在人視网膜色素上皮细胞的分泌物中发现并纯化的50-KDa糖蛋白。开始以为PEDF是一种生长因子,能够诱导神经元的分化。直到1999年,人们才逐步发现PEDF具有非常丰厚的生理活性,包含抗血管重生[1],抗肿瘤[2],下降血管通透性[3],以及神经养分活性[4]。国内外研讨标明色素上皮衍生因子(pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)与胰岛素反抗的发作有关,而众所周知,胰岛素反抗是2型糖尿病的发病根底,也是代谢综合征的中心环节。因而,现就PEDF与胰岛素反抗的联络打开剖析,并企图总结PEDF引起胰岛素反抗的或许机制。

1 PEDF与胰岛素反抗

现在有多项研讨标明PEDF与IR有密切联络。可是PEDF究竟是会导致IR,仍是改进IR尚存争议。

Yoshida等[5]研讨了PEDF与糖基化终产物(AGE)的相关性。研讨显现PEDF能够按捺Rac-1的活性,然后按捺AGE引起的肝细胞IRS-1酪氨酸磷酸化下降,还能够阻断JNK、IKB激酶依靠IRS-1丝氨酸磷酸化,然后ROS、CRP的发作,起到抗炎症、抗氧化应激的效果。因而,PEDF可改进IR。

Crowe等[6]的研讨结果却与之相反。小鼠短期打针PEDF会导致ERK、JNK磷酸化添加,胰岛素信号通路中IRS1、AKT活性磷酸化位点的磷酸化削减[7]。因而PEDF会诱导发作IR。

本文则总述了支撑PEDF引起IR的相关研讨进展。

2 PEDF与代谢性疾病

PEDF具有多能性,在不同的安排细胞中表现出不同的功用。如:PEDF在血管按捺信号的效果下发挥了有用的抗炎症效果[8]。在代谢体系中却起到了致炎症的效果[9]。在多种代谢性疾病中(图1),PEDF的循环水平都会升高。

Nakamura等[10]的研讨标明,在2型糖尿病患者的血清中,中心性肥壮相关因子(腰围、甘油三酯、肿瘤坏死因子-α)与PEDF密切相关。别的PEDF还与空腹胰岛素水平、HOMA-IR、BMI、脂肪量呈负相关。肝细胞PEDF基因的表达与肥壮者PEDF的水平呈正相关,且与2型糖尿病患者的丙氨酸转移酶、天冬氨酸转移酶的水平(代表肝功用)呈负相关。这标明,PEDF与IR相关,且肝脏是PEDF的首要来历[11]。PEDF与脂肪构成密切相关。最近的研讨标明,PEDF或许促进脂肪安排的构成,促进IR和代谢功用紊乱[12]。Crowe等[6]给正常小鼠打针PEDF,检测到胰岛素敏感性下降,且若下降PEDF量,胰岛素敏感性会有所上升。可是PEDF引起IR的机制暂不清楚。给小鼠喂养PEDF引起IR的一起,血清中的TNF以及其他的细胞因子水平会有所上升,因而TNF或许是PEDF引起IR的下流调理分子(图2)。

代谢综合症患者[13],以及多囊卵巢病(PCOS)的患者血清中PEDF水平较高,并且与IR相关[14]。PCOS患者的PEDF水平与CRP密切相关,提示PEDF与PCOS患者缓慢炎症的发作有必定的联络[15]。图3总结了现在研讨中显现的PEDF参加的代谢。

3 PEDF引起胰島素反抗的或许机制

3.1 影响脂代谢阻断胰岛素信号转导通路

PEDF与脂肪的分化有关,能够使游离脂肪酸(FFAs)增多。增多的FFAs会按捺磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)的激活,还会导致异位的脂堆积,这两者均会阻断胰岛素信号转导通路[16]。别的,胞内的脂质堆集能够激活PKC-β,δ,θ的活性。PKCθ的活性提高会伴随着胰岛素受体底物(IRS)的酪氨酸磷酸化以及葡萄糖转运的削减。

还有研讨显现,PEDF与JNK、IKK和ERK1/2的激活有关。JNK能够磷酸化IRS-1中丝氨酸或苏氨酸残基,这种磷酸化效果会搅扰胰岛素受体与IRS-1的效果,然后阻挠IRS-1的酪氨酸磷酸化[17]。IκKβ与IRS-1组成复合物,与TNFα介导的IR有关[18]。ERK1/2也或许是PEDF的效果靶点[19],能够引起IRS-1的丝氨酸磷酸化,按捺酪氨酸磷酸化,削弱胰岛素信号转导[20]。

3.2 引起线粒体功用障碍

PEDF能够按捺脂肪酸氧化,然后构成一种“脂毒性”的环境。Gao等[21]的研讨标明,FFAs能够引起线粒体功用障碍。PEDF按捺脂肪酸的β氧化和线粒体生成,还影响ATGL生成脂肪酸配体,然后激活过氧化体增殖物激活型受体(PPARs),添加线粒体的脂肪酸氧化[22]。功用紊乱的线粒体能够生成ROS,导致胰岛素反抗。在胰岛素反抗的周缘安排中(如骨骼肌、肝脏、脂肪),线粒体数量下降、形状和功用反常。PEDF引起的线粒体功用反常会阻止胰岛素信号转导,还有危害线粒体生成。

3.3 引起代谢炎症

代谢紊乱也被以为是一种长时间低水平的炎症状况。PEDF经过直接或间接地方法引起代谢炎症(图2)。PEDF引起的FFAs增多,会激活Toll样受体介导的炎症信号,然后激活IκKβ和JNK。所以多种细胞因子被激活,包含TNFα、IL-1β、IL-6[23]。在人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)试验中,PEDF能添加p38 MAPK和JNK的磷酸化,下降AKT活性[24]。AKT活性的下降能够激活MAPK2[25]。MAPK2的激活,又能够激活p38 MAPK。因而PEDF能够引发,保持,并推动激酶介导的丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸化级联反响,按捺胰岛素在外周安排的信号转导(表1)。

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(收稿日期:2016-10-21)

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