咳嗽变异性哮喘:抗反流医治对胃食管反流病并咳嗽变异性哮喘的使用价值

来源:中国当代医药 ·2018年11月07日 17:53 浏览量:0

孙俊生+赵亚梅+卓宋明

[摘要] 意图 评论抗反流医治对胃食管反流病并咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床使用价值。 办法 搜集本院呼吸内科门诊胃食管反流兼并咳嗽变异性哮喘患者50例,将其随机分为医治组与对照组,对照组予布地奈德气雾剂0.2 mg,3次/d吸入,氨茶碱0.1 g,3次/d口服;医治组在对照组医治的基础上,加用莫沙必利5 mg,3次/d,泮托拉唑40 mg,1次/d口服。对两组患者夜间咳嗽、白日咳嗽行视觉模仿评分。 成果 医治组医治前、医治4周后、医治8周后的白日视觉模仿评分分别为(7.0±3.4)、(3.7±3.3)、(1.4±1.5)分,医治4、8周后较医治前下降,差异有统计学含义(P<0.01);对照组医治前、医治4周后、医治8周后的白日视觉模仿评分分别为(6.9±3.6)、(5.1±3.4)、(2.8±1.9)分,医治8周后较医治前下降,差异有统计学含义(P<0.01)。医治组医治前、医治4周后、医治8周后夜间视觉模仿评分分别为(5.1±2.9)、(3.2±2.6)、(1.2±1.6)分,医治4、8周较医治前下降,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05,P<0.01);对照组医治前、医治4周后、医治8周后的夜间视觉模仿评分分别为(5.2±3.1)、(3.7±3.0)、(2.6±2.2)分,医治8周较医治前下降,差异有统计学含义(P<0.01)。医治组医治8周后白日及夜间视觉模仿评分均较对照组下降,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。医治组医治第4、8周嗳气、炙烤感较医治前缓解率分别为61.5%(16/26)、88.5%(23/26),对照组较医治前无缓解,两组差异有统计学含义(P<0.01)。医治组及对照组医治8周后支气管激起试验阴性率分别为46.2%(12/26)、25.0%(6/24),差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)。 定论 咳嗽变异性哮喘应活跃寻觅消化源性病因,抗反流医治能够较快下降胃食管反流病并咳嗽变异性哮喘的咳嗽症状评分,减轻炙烤感、嗳气等症状。

[要害词] 咳嗽变异性哮喘;胃食管反流病;视觉模仿评分;抗反流医治

[中图分类号] R562.2[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)03(c)-0035-04

The value of applying anti-reflux treatment for gastro-esophageal reflux and cough variant asthma

SUN Jun-sheng1 ZHAO Ya-mei2 ZHUO Song-ming1

1.Department of Respiratory Medicine,Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen City,Shenzhen 518116,China;2.Department of Rehabilitation,Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen City,Shenzhen 518116,China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical value of applying anti-reflux treatment for gastro-esophageal reflux and cough variant asthma.Methods 50 cases of patients with gastro-esophageal reflux and cough variant asthma treated in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Respiratory Medicine of our hospital were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group.The control group was given 0.2 mg budesonide aerosol for three times a day and 0.1 g aminophylline with oral administration for three times a day.On the basis of above treatment,the treatment group was given 5 mg mosapride for three times a day and 40 mg pantoprazole with oral administration for once a day.Visual analogue scale was applied for daytime and nighttime cough.Results The daytime visual analogue scale of the treatment group before treatment,4 weeks after treatment and 8 weeks after treatment was (7.0±3.4),(3.7±3.3),(1.4±1.5) respectively,with decreased daytime visual analogue scale at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment than that before treatment,with statistical difference (P<0.01).The daytime visual analogue scale of the control group before treatment,4 weeks after treatment and 8 weeks after treatment was (6.9±3.6),(5.1±3.4) and (2.8±1.9) respectively,with decreased daytime visual analogue scale at 8 weeks after treatment than that before treatment,with statistical difference (P<0.01).The nighttime visual analogue scale of the treatment group before treatment,4 weeks after treatment and 8 weeks after treatment was (5.1±2.9),(3.2±2.6) and (1.2±1.6) respectively,with decreased nighttime visual analogue scale at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment than that before treatment,with statistical difference (P<0.05,P<0.01).The nighttime visual analogue scale of the control group before treatment,4 weeks after treatment and 8 weeks after treatment was (5.2±3.1),(3.7±3.0),(2.6±2.2) respectively,with decreased nighttime visual analogue scale at 8 weeks after treatment than that before treatment,with statistical difference (P<0.01).The treatment group had lower daytime and nighttime visual analogue scale than that of the control group at 8 weeks after treatment,with statistical difference (P<0.05,P<0.01).The percentage of eructation and heartburn remission in the treatment group was 61.5% (16/26) at 4 weeks after treatment and 88.5% (23/26) at 8 weeks after treatment compared with before treatment,but the control group had no remission,with statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.01).The negative rate of bronchial provocation test for the treatment group and control group at 8 weeks after treatment was 46.2% (12/26) and 25.0% (6/24) respectively,without statistical difference (P>0.05).Conclusion It is suggested to actively explore digestive pathogens for cough variant asthma.Anti-reflux treatment can quickly reduce symptom scaling score on gastro-esophageal reflux and cough variant asthma and alleviate eructation,heartburn and other symptoms.

[Key words] Cough variant asthma;Gastro-esophageal reflux;Visual analogue scale;Anti-reflux treatment

咳嗽变异性哮喘是支气管哮喘的特别类型,咳嗽是其仅有的临床体现,病生特征为气道高反响性,其受遗传要素影响,但外因作用更为重要,现在遍及认为气道炎症是导致气道高反响性最重要的机制之一,病毒性呼吸道感染、二氧化硫、冷空气、枯燥空气、低渗和高渗溶液等理化要素影响均可使气道反响性增高。研讨显现,食管和支气管有一起胚胎来源和自主神经分配,胃酸性反流物影响食管黏膜内因炎症而露出的酸灵敏受体,经过迷走神经反射提高气道反响性,诱发或加剧哮喘发生,故胃-食管反流相关性哮喘是哮喘医治作用欠安的原因之一,经抗反流药物医治一般可使症状得到减轻或操控。现在没有见有关咳嗽变异性哮喘兼并胃食管反流的相关报导,本文评论抗反流医治对胃食管反流病并咳嗽变异性哮喘的使用价值。

1 材料与办法

1.1 一般材料

2010年10月~2013年9月就诊本院呼吸内科门诊的患者50例,均契合胃食管反流病确诊规范及咳嗽变异性哮喘确诊规范,均有典型的反流症状如嗳气、腹胀、上腹不适、咽部异物感,胃镜查看未见食管及胃黏膜破损体现。肺功用查看支气管激起试验阳性或支气管舒张试验阳性,随机分为医治组及对照组,其间,医治组26例,男16例,女10例;对照组24例,男12例,女12例。两组患者的年纪、性别等一般材料差异无统计学含义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 确诊规范

咳嗽变异性哮喘均契合如下确诊规范[1]:①缓慢咳嗽,常伴有显着的夜间影响性咳嗽;②支气管激起试验阳性,或呼气峰流速日间变异率>20%,或支气管舒张试验阳性;③支气管舒张剂医治有用。胃食管反流病确诊规范[2-3]:①有典型的炙烤感和反流症状,且无幽门梗阻或消化道梗阻的依据;②胃镜查看可见反流性食管炎体现。

1.3 医治办法

在调查期间,一切患者睡觉时均举高床头15~20 cm,睡前3 h禁食,忌食酸性食物,禁烟酒,防止使用阿司匹林、非甾体类药物或抗胆碱能药物等。对照组使用布地奈德气雾剂0.2 mg,3次/d吸入+氨茶碱0.1 g,3次/d口服;医治组在对照组医治的基础上加用莫沙必利5 mg,3次/d,泮托拉唑40 mg,1次/d。使用4、8周后调查两组的作用。

1.4 调查目标

一切患者医治前均对咳嗽症状行视觉模仿评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),选用线性计分法,即作一刻度为0、1、2……10 cm的直线,0刻度表明无症状,10刻度表明患者咳嗽最严峻的程度,数值越大,表明咳嗽程度越重。

调查两组患者的白日及夜间咳嗽症状VAS;医治4、8周时嗳气、炙烤感缓解状况,以症状减轻50%为缓解,缓解率=缓解例数/该组总例数×100%;支气管激起试验阴性率,阴性率=阴性例数/该组总例数×100%。

1.5 统计学剖析

选用统计学软件SPSS 10.0进行数据剖析,契合正态分布的计量材料用均数±规范差(x±s)表明,选用t查验,计数材料选用χ2查验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学含义。

2 成果

2.1 两组医治前,医治4、8周后咳嗽VAS的比较

医治组医治4、8周后的白日VAS较医治前下降,差异有统计学含义(P<0.01);对照组医治8周后的白日VAS较医治前下降,差异有统计学含义(P<0.01)。医治组医治4、8周后的夜间VAS较医治前下降,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05,P<0.01);对照组医治8周后的夜间VAS较医治前下降,差异有统计学含义(P<0.01)。医治组医治8周后的白日及夜间VAS均较对照组下降,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05,P<0.01)(表1)。

2.2 两组医治4、8周后反流症状改进状况的比较

医治组医治4、8周后嗳气、炙烤感症状较医治前显着缓解,缓解率分别为61.5%(16/26)、88.5%(23/26)。对照组医治4、8周后嗳气、炙烤感症状无显着缓解,缓解率分别为16.7%(4/24)、20.8%(5/24)。两组医治4、8周后的缓解率差异有统计学含义(P<0.01)。

2.3 两组支气管激起试验阴性率的比较

医治8周时复查组胺支气管激起试验,医治组、对照组阴性率分别为46.2%(12/26)、25.0%(6/24),差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)。

3 评论

咳嗽变异性哮喘、鼻部疾病、胃食管反流、嗜酸粒细胞支气管炎、变应性咳嗽是引起缓慢咳嗽的常见原因[4]。咳嗽变异性哮喘是支气管哮喘的一种特别类型,在我国是最常见的缓慢咳嗽病因[5],其发病率各地报导纷歧,在20.08%~42.2%间[6],其发病与时节、个人过敏史、家庭哮喘史有关,它能够被上呼吸道感染、吸入油烟、影响性气体、过度体育运动所诱发。

咳嗽变异性哮喘医治以使用支气管舒张剂及吸入小剂量糖皮质激素为主,若引起咳嗽变异性哮喘的病因去除,经过3~6个月医治,多能治好,但若病因继续存在,则咳嗽症状重复,乃至终究发展为典型支气管哮喘,此刻不该盲目地添加平喘药物的品种和剂量,应尽可能查明导致哮喘“难治”的病因,给予个体化的病因医治。近年来,研讨发现,胃食管反流能够诱发或兼并支气管哮喘,它比单纯胃食管反流在医疗支出上多5.6倍,经济负担更重[7]。

究其原因,其机制可能是:①酸性胃液反流影响食管迷走神经的传入神经,经气道的迷走神经传出,导致支气管痉挛[8]。②胃酸反流吸入气管、支气管可直接影响呼吸道黏膜,引起呛咳、哮喘[9]。临床研讨及动物试验证明,胃液(胃酸及胃蛋白酶)反流可导致食管黏膜危害,胃食管酸反流可导致气管、肺安排危害,且能发生速发相和迟发相双相哮喘反响[10]。③食管内的酸性环境能够添加支气管关于其他影响物质(乙酰胆碱)的反响性添加,增强哮喘患者对各种触发要素的灵敏性,简单引起哮喘[11]。

关于兼并胃食管反流的咳嗽变异性哮喘患者来说,抗反流医治是咳嗽变异性哮喘医治的要害。一旦断定咳嗽变异性哮喘兼并胃食管反流,即应在扩张支气管及使用糖皮质激素的一起,尽早针对性抗反流医治。抗反流医治包含减轻酸性胃液对食管的腐蚀,添加食管、胃的正常下行活动功用两方面。常用的抑酸药物包含:H2受体阻滞剂及质子泵抑制剂[12],但以质子泵抑制剂为佳。研讨显现,泮托拉唑除能够减轻胃泌酸过多、炙烤感等胃肠道不适症状,在用药完毕后仍能够继续改进健康相关的日子质量[13]。胃食管反流病中较常见食管动力妨碍,绝大多数为无效食管运动,与食管远端酸露出及反流性食管炎密切相关[14]。继发性活动有助于食管酸铲除。添加消化道活动药物包含:全消化道动力药及胃消化道动力药,胃消化道动力药多潘力酮则因其受体在胃部,仅对添加胃动力有用,对胃食管反流病患者作用有限。全消化道动力药如莫沙必利、西沙必利等有益于改进食管下端括约肌张力,因此常在抑酸的一起兼并使用,但因西沙必利的心脏副作用,莫沙必利使用更为遍及,莫沙必利能够经过5-羟色胺受体改进胃肠运动[15]。

本研讨显现,医治组在医治4周后白日及夜间VAS均有改进,对照组无显着改进,但在医治8周后,两组均有显着改进,提示抗反流医治能够较快地减轻咳嗽症状;虽然两组在医治8周后咳嗽症状均较医治前改进,但VAS仍存在差异,以医治组白日症状减轻尤为显着,提示医治组能够较好地操控咳嗽症状。医治8周后两组支气管激起试验阴性率差异无统计学含义,这与国内的荟萃剖析定论共同[16],提示气道高反响性的改进需求相对较长的时刻。

总归,对咳嗽变异性哮喘患者,应在针对哮喘医治的一起,查找可能随同的疾病,特别在医治作用欠佳时,应活跃寻觅是否存在胃食管反流病,在抗哮喘医治的一起,予泮托拉唑联合莫沙必利抗反流医治,能够较快、较好地操控胃食管反流兼并咳嗽变异性哮喘的相关症状。

[参考文献]

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[14]朱春兰,任旭,祝喜萍,等.无效食管运动与胃食管反流病联系的评论[J].中华消化内镜杂志,2012,29(6):146.

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[16]刘映霞,江山平,谭艳芳.抗反流药物医治对支气管哮喘伴胃食管反流患者哮喘症状影响的荟萃剖析[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2010,33(11):823-830.

(收稿日期:2013-12-03本文修改:郭静娟)

总归,对咳嗽变异性哮喘患者,应在针对哮喘医治的一起,查找可能随同的疾病,特别在医治作用欠佳时,应活跃寻觅是否存在胃食管反流病,在抗哮喘医治的一起,予泮托拉唑联合莫沙必利抗反流医治,能够较快、较好地操控胃食管反流兼并咳嗽变异性哮喘的相关症状。

[参考文献]

[1]中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组.咳嗽的确诊与医治攻略(2009版)[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2009,32(6):407-413.

[2]林三仁,许国铭,胡品津,等.我国胃食管反流病一致定见(2006年10月)[J].胃肠病学,2007,12(4):233-239.

[3]李真,李延青.2013世界胃食管反流病确诊和办理攻略解读[J].我国医学前沿杂志(电子版),2013,5(5):57-59.

[4]Smith JA,Abdulqawi R,Houghton LA.GERD-related cough:pathophysiology and diagnostic approach[J].Curr Gastroenterol Rep,2011,13(3):247-256.

[5]Lai K,Chen R,Lin J,et al.A prospective,multicenter survey on causes of chronic cough in China[J].Chest,2013, 143(3):613-620.

[6]Niu R,Shao MJ,Liu B,et al.Research on morbidity and relative factors of cough variant asthma among patients with chronic cough syndrome[J].Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi,2009,30(5):511-513.

[7]Francis DO,Rymer JA,Slaughter JC.High economic burden of caring for patients with suspected extraesophageal reflux[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2013,108(6):905-911.

[8]刘春涛.支气管哮喘兼并胃食管反流[J].我国有用内科杂志,2009,29(4):303-305.

[9]Ke M.How is the autonomic nerve function different between gastroesophageal reflux disease alone and gastroesophageal reflux disease with diabetes mellitus neuropathy?[J].J Neurogastroenterol Motil,2011,17(4):430-431.

[10]李芹子,孔灵飞,张殊娜,等.食管灌注盐酸树立气道高反响性的豚鼠模型[J].我国病理生理杂志,2009,25(5):1038-1040.

[11]来运钢,汪忠镐,吴继敏,等.胃食管反流源性哮喘诱导痰中细胞及细胞因子剖析[J].中华试验外科杂志,2010, 27(10):1476-1479.

[12]Harding SM,Allen JE,Blumin JH,et al.Respiratory manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease[J].Ann N Y Acad Sci,2013,1300:43-52.

[13]M?觟nnikes H,Schwan T,van Rensburg C,et al.Possible etiology of improvements in both quality of life and overlapping gastroesophageal reflux disease by proton pump inhibitor treatment in a prospective randomized controlled trial[J].BMC Gastroenterol,2013,13(1):145.

[14]朱春兰,任旭,祝喜萍,等.无效食管运动与胃食管反流病联系的评论[J].中华消化内镜杂志,2012,29(6):146.

[15]Chen CL,Yi CH,Liu TT,et al.Effects of mosapride on secondary peristalsis in patients with ineffective esophageal motility[J].Scand J Gastroenterol,2013,48(12):1363-1370.

[16]刘映霞,江山平,谭艳芳.抗反流药物医治对支气管哮喘伴胃食管反流患者哮喘症状影响的荟萃剖析[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2010,33(11):823-830.

(收稿日期:2013-12-03本文修改:郭静娟)

总归,对咳嗽变异性哮喘患者,应在针对哮喘医治的一起,查找可能随同的疾病,特别在医治作用欠佳时,应活跃寻觅是否存在胃食管反流病,在抗哮喘医治的一起,予泮托拉唑联合莫沙必利抗反流医治,能够较快、较好地操控胃食管反流兼并咳嗽变异性哮喘的相关症状。

[参考文献]

[1]中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组.咳嗽的确诊与医治攻略(2009版)[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2009,32(6):407-413.

[2]林三仁,许国铭,胡品津,等.我国胃食管反流病一致定见(2006年10月)[J].胃肠病学,2007,12(4):233-239.

[3]李真,李延青.2013世界胃食管反流病确诊和办理攻略解读[J].我国医学前沿杂志(电子版),2013,5(5):57-59.

[4]Smith JA,Abdulqawi R,Houghton LA.GERD-related cough:pathophysiology and diagnostic approach[J].Curr Gastroenterol Rep,2011,13(3):247-256.

[5]Lai K,Chen R,Lin J,et al.A prospective,multicenter survey on causes of chronic cough in China[J].Chest,2013, 143(3):613-620.

[6]Niu R,Shao MJ,Liu B,et al.Research on morbidity and relative factors of cough variant asthma among patients with chronic cough syndrome[J].Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi,2009,30(5):511-513.

[7]Francis DO,Rymer JA,Slaughter JC.High economic burden of caring for patients with suspected extraesophageal reflux[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2013,108(6):905-911.

[8]刘春涛.支气管哮喘兼并胃食管反流[J].我国有用内科杂志,2009,29(4):303-305.

[9]Ke M.How is the autonomic nerve function different between gastroesophageal reflux disease alone and gastroesophageal reflux disease with diabetes mellitus neuropathy?[J].J Neurogastroenterol Motil,2011,17(4):430-431.

[10]李芹子,孔灵飞,张殊娜,等.食管灌注盐酸树立气道高反响性的豚鼠模型[J].我国病理生理杂志,2009,25(5):1038-1040.

[11]来运钢,汪忠镐,吴继敏,等.胃食管反流源性哮喘诱导痰中细胞及细胞因子剖析[J].中华试验外科杂志,2010, 27(10):1476-1479.

[12]Harding SM,Allen JE,Blumin JH,et al.Respiratory manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease[J].Ann N Y Acad Sci,2013,1300:43-52.

[13]M?觟nnikes H,Schwan T,van Rensburg C,et al.Possible etiology of improvements in both quality of life and overlapping gastroesophageal reflux disease by proton pump inhibitor treatment in a prospective randomized controlled trial[J].BMC Gastroenterol,2013,13(1):145.

[14]朱春兰,任旭,祝喜萍,等.无效食管运动与胃食管反流病联系的评论[J].中华消化内镜杂志,2012,29(6):146.

[15]Chen CL,Yi CH,Liu TT,et al.Effects of mosapride on secondary peristalsis in patients with ineffective esophageal motility[J].Scand J Gastroenterol,2013,48(12):1363-1370.

[16]刘映霞,江山平,谭艳芳.抗反流药物医治对支气管哮喘伴胃食管反流患者哮喘症状影响的荟萃剖析[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2010,33(11):823-830.

(收稿日期:2013-12-03本文修改:郭静娟)

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