缓慢肾功能不全分哪5期:不同办法医治轻度肾功能不全并发心绞痛患者的临床调查

来源:中国当代医药 ·2018年12月17日 00:11 浏览量:0

杨新滨++++++王明毅++++++张宇静++++++关红++++++徐健

[摘要] 意图 调查单纯药物与PCI医治轻度肾功能不全兼并心绞痛患者的作用及安全性。 办法 回忆性剖析2009年1月~2014年6月入院的轻度肾功能不全并发心绞痛患者,单纯药物医治66例(药物组),PCI医治68例(PCI组),PCI组检测入院时、术后及出院时的血肌酐水平,药物组检测入院时及出院时血肌酐水平及两组结尾事情发作率。 成果 PCI组术后、出院时血肌酐水平较基线比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.5);两组基线、出院时血肌酐水平比较差异均无计算学含义(P>0.5)。药物组复合结尾发作率(16.67%)高于PCI组(4.41%),差异有计算学含义(P=0.04)。 定论 PCI医治与药物保存医治比较,临床症状缓解率高,虽有造影剂肾病发作,但急性肾衰及需透析风险不高,较药物医治对轻度肾功不全的患者更有利。

[关键词] 轻度肾功不全;心绞痛;冠脉介入;造影剂肾病

[中图分类号] R692 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)12(a)-0044-03

近年研讨发现,轻度肾功不全患者心力衰竭、心肌梗死及脑卒中等事情的发作率显着高于正常人群,轻度肾功能不全是心血管事情重要的、独立的风险要素[1-3]。冠心病是终晚期肾病的重要死因[4],介入医治技能的推行显着改进了冠心病患者的症状及预后,但造影剂对肾功能的危害成为挑选的妨碍。本研讨首要评论两种医治办法的作用。

1 材料与办法

1.1 一般材料

搜集本院2009年1月~2014年6月入院医治患者,存在轻度肾功能不全(肾小球滤过率在60~89 ml/min)的冠心病、心绞痛患者,一切患者确诊契合中华医学会心血管分会公布《不稳定型心绞痛确诊和医治主张》的规范。扫除规范:心功能Ⅲ级以上,肾小球滤过率<60 ml/min,急慢性感染、血液透析中,血糖操控不合格,恶性肿瘤及造影剂过敏患者。将一切患者分为两组,单纯药物医治66例(药物组),PCI医治68例(PCI组),药物组男性32例,女人34例,平均年纪(61.44±8.64)岁;PCI组男性37例,女人31例,平均年纪(61.45±8.64)岁,水化医治为43.7%,比照剂肾病发作3例,发作率为4.41%。两组患者的年纪、性别、吸烟、风险要素(糖尿病史、高血压病史及脑卒中史)等比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 办法

住院期间两组均给予抗心绞痛惯例医治,包含阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、硝酸酯类、低分子肝素等药物。确诊性造影及介入医治均按规范办法[5]进行,手术时刻及术式不做约束。依据临床医师对患者病况进行评价,依据患者血管病变特色选用相应的导丝和支架。由临床医师自行决定患者是否进行水化,如施行水化,则按下列计划进行:术前及术后6~12 h给予等渗生理盐水,以1 ml/(kg·h)的速度进行水化。介入医治术前防止使用肾毒性药物,如利尿剂、非甾体抗炎药、二甲双胍等,造影剂为优微显370(德国先灵公司)。

1.3 调查目标

搜集PCI组患者入院时,术后第2、3天(取术后高值)及出院时的血肌酐水平,药物组患者搜集入院时及出院时的血肌酐水平。研讨首要结尾为非致死性心肌梗死和全因逝世,非必须结尾为心绞痛再发。

1.4 计算学处理

选用SPSS 20.0计算软件对数据进行剖析和处理,计量材料以x±s表明,选用t查验,计数材料选用χ2查验或Fisher切当概率法,以P<0.05为差异有计算学含义。

2 成果

2.1 两组患者医治前后血肌酐水平的比较

PCI组术后、出院时血肌酐水平较基线比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.5);两组基线、出院时血肌酐水平比较差异均无计算学含义(P>0.5)(表1)。

2.2 两组患者结尾事情发作率的比较

两组全因逝世、非致死性心肌梗死及心绞痛再发发作率比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05);药物组复合结尾发作率高于PCI组,差异有计算学含义(P<0.05)(表2)。

3 评论

轻度肾功能不全指肾小球滤过率在60~89 ml/min,临床症状不显着的人群。研讨发现,肾功能不全和冠心病关系密切,尤其是前期肾功能不全可作为一个独立的冠心病猜测因子[6]。ESC2014攻略提出[7],关于兼并轻中度肾脏疾病患者,血运重建战略的挑选至关重要,不管挑选PCI仍是CABG,获益都是显着的。关于PCI可能会引起肾功能危害,甚至会导致造影剂肾病,影响一部分肾功能不全患者手术的挑选。

造影剂肾病是经血管给予碘造影剂48~72 h内呈现的血肌酐较原有基础水平升高25%或绝对值升高>0.5 mg/L(44.2 mmol/L),并在外其他急性肾脏危害性疾病[8]。血肌酐可反映肾小球滤过率改变,能反映肾功能的前期改变状况[9-12]。本研讨回忆性剖析了134例轻度肾功能不全兼并心绞痛患者别离承受药物及PCI医治后肾功能改变及6个月全因逝世、非致死性心肌梗死及心绞痛再发状况,该临床研讨发现,药物组患者6个月复合结尾发作率显着高于PCI组,差异有计算学含义。轻度肾功能不全患者入院期间行介入医治前后肾功能改变差异无计算学含义。本研讨充分证明PCI医治的有用性,虽然经水化医治后仍有3例患者发作比照剂肾病,但无一例发作急性肾衰及透析,以上数据均提示该医治关于轻度肾功能不全的患者安全有用。

[参考文献]

[1] Henry RM, Kostense PJ,Bos G,et al.Mild renal insufficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality:the hoorn study[J].Kidney Int,2002,62(4):1402-1407.

[2] Manjunath G,Tighiouart H,Ibrahim H,et al.Level of kidney function as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in the community[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2003,41(1):47-55.

[3] Ritz E,McClellan WM.Overview:increased cardiovascular risk in patients with minor renal dysfunction:an emerging issue with far-reaching consequences[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2004,15(3): 513-516.

[4] Zakeri R,Freemantle N,Barnett V,et al.Relation between mild renal dysfunction and outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting[J].Circulation,2005,112(9 Suppl):I-270-I-275.

[5] Silber S,Albertsson P,Avilés F F,et al.Guidelines for percutaneous coronary interventions the task force for percutaneous coronary interventions of the European Society of Cardiology[J].Eur Heart J,2005,26(8):804-847.

[6] Anavekar NS,McMurray JJ,Velazquez EJ,et al.Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction[J].New Engl J Med,2004,351(13):1285-1295.

[7] Stephan Windecker,Philippe Kolh,Fernando Alfonso,et al.2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization:The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery(EACTS)Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions(EAPCI)[J].Eur Heart J,2014,35(37):2541-2619.

[8] Mehran R,Aymong ED,Nikolsky E,et al.A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2004, 44(7):1393-1399.

[9] Marenzi G,Lauri G,Assanelli E,et al.Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2004, 44(9):1780-1785.

[10] McCullough PA,Sandberg KR.Epidemiology of contrast-induced nephropathy[J].Rev Cardiovasc Med,2003,4(Suppl 5):S3-S9.

[11] Marenzi G,Lauri G,Assanelli E,et al.Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2004,44(9):1780-1785.

[12] Thomsen HS.Guidelines for contrast media from the European Society of Urogenital Radiology[J].AJR Am J Roent-genol,2003,181(6):1463-1471.

(收稿日期:2014-10-14 本文修改:李亚聪)

[2] Manjunath G,Tighiouart H,Ibrahim H,et al.Level of kidney function as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in the community[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2003,41(1):47-55.

[3] Ritz E,McClellan WM.Overview:increased cardiovascular risk in patients with minor renal dysfunction:an emerging issue with far-reaching consequences[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2004,15(3): 513-516.

[4] Zakeri R,Freemantle N,Barnett V,et al.Relation between mild renal dysfunction and outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting[J].Circulation,2005,112(9 Suppl):I-270-I-275.

[5] Silber S,Albertsson P,Avilés F F,et al.Guidelines for percutaneous coronary interventions the task force for percutaneous coronary interventions of the European Society of Cardiology[J].Eur Heart J,2005,26(8):804-847.

[6] Anavekar NS,McMurray JJ,Velazquez EJ,et al.Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction[J].New Engl J Med,2004,351(13):1285-1295.

[7] Stephan Windecker,Philippe Kolh,Fernando Alfonso,et al.2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization:The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery(EACTS)Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions(EAPCI)[J].Eur Heart J,2014,35(37):2541-2619.

[8] Mehran R,Aymong ED,Nikolsky E,et al.A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2004, 44(7):1393-1399.

[9] Marenzi G,Lauri G,Assanelli E,et al.Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2004, 44(9):1780-1785.

[10] McCullough PA,Sandberg KR.Epidemiology of contrast-induced nephropathy[J].Rev Cardiovasc Med,2003,4(Suppl 5):S3-S9.

[11] Marenzi G,Lauri G,Assanelli E,et al.Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2004,44(9):1780-1785.

[12] Thomsen HS.Guidelines for contrast media from the European Society of Urogenital Radiology[J].AJR Am J Roent-genol,2003,181(6):1463-1471.

(收稿日期:2014-10-14 本文修改:李亚聪)

[2] Manjunath G,Tighiouart H,Ibrahim H,et al.Level of kidney function as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in the community[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2003,41(1):47-55.

[3] Ritz E,McClellan WM.Overview:increased cardiovascular risk in patients with minor renal dysfunction:an emerging issue with far-reaching consequences[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2004,15(3): 513-516.

[4] Zakeri R,Freemantle N,Barnett V,et al.Relation between mild renal dysfunction and outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting[J].Circulation,2005,112(9 Suppl):I-270-I-275.

[5] Silber S,Albertsson P,Avilés F F,et al.Guidelines for percutaneous coronary interventions the task force for percutaneous coronary interventions of the European Society of Cardiology[J].Eur Heart J,2005,26(8):804-847.

[6] Anavekar NS,McMurray JJ,Velazquez EJ,et al.Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction[J].New Engl J Med,2004,351(13):1285-1295.

[7] Stephan Windecker,Philippe Kolh,Fernando Alfonso,et al.2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization:The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery(EACTS)Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions(EAPCI)[J].Eur Heart J,2014,35(37):2541-2619.

[8] Mehran R,Aymong ED,Nikolsky E,et al.A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2004, 44(7):1393-1399.

[9] Marenzi G,Lauri G,Assanelli E,et al.Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2004, 44(9):1780-1785.

[10] McCullough PA,Sandberg KR.Epidemiology of contrast-induced nephropathy[J].Rev Cardiovasc Med,2003,4(Suppl 5):S3-S9.

[11] Marenzi G,Lauri G,Assanelli E,et al.Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2004,44(9):1780-1785.

[12] Thomsen HS.Guidelines for contrast media from the European Society of Urogenital Radiology[J].AJR Am J Roent-genol,2003,181(6):1463-1471.

(收稿日期:2014-10-14 本文修改:李亚聪)

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