许娟 徐海虹 汪旭明 蓝大波
[摘要] 意图 讨论重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)真菌致呼吸机相关性肺炎的风险要素,为防备呼吸机相关性肺部真菌感染的发作供给客观根据。 办法 回忆性剖析温州医科大学隶属苍南医院和平阳县人民医院ICU近3年来呼吸机导致相关性肺炎(ventilator associated pneumonia,VAP)患者99例的临床材料,分为肺部真菌感染组26例和非真菌感染组73例,比较剖析肺部真菌感染的风险要素,单要素剖析选用χ2查验,多要素剖析选用Logistic回归剖析。 成果 年纪(≥60岁)、机械通气时刻(≥7 d)、兼并糖尿病、住院时刻(≥7 d)、运用糖皮质激素、兼并细菌感染、低蛋白血症(≤35 g/L)、多联抗生素的运用和频频替换(>2次/周)是导致真菌性呼吸机相关性肺炎(Fungal ventilator associated pneumonia,FVAP)的首要风险要素。其间年纪(≥60岁)、机械通气时刻(≥7 d)、住院时刻(≥7 d)、兼并细菌感染、低蛋白血症(≤35 g/L)、多联抗生素的运用是引起FVAP的独立风险要素。 定论 真菌性呼吸机相关性肺炎(FVAP)患者继发真菌感染以白色假丝酵母菌和曲霉菌属为常见;引起FVAP的风险要素较为杂乱,临床应加强风险要素监测,一起要严厉无菌操作,尽可能缩短机械通气时刻,可有用操控FVAP的发作。
[关键词] 呼吸机相关性肺炎;肺部;真菌感染;风险要素
[中图分类号] R563.19 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)05-0036-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by fungi in ntensive care unit(ICU), and to provide objective evidence for the prevention of ventilator-associated pulmonary fungal infection. Methods The clinical data of 99 cases of ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP) in ICU in Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated Cangnan Hospital and Pingyang People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into pulmonary fungal infection group(n=26) and non-fungal infection group(n=73). The risk factors of pulmonary fungal infection were compared. Univariate analysis was performed by χ2 test. Multivariate analysis was performed by Logistic regression analysis. Results Age(≥60 years old), mechanical ventilation time(≥7 d), combination of diabetes mellitus, hospital stay(≥7 d), the use of glucocorticoids, combination of bacterial infection, hypoproteinemia(≤35 g/L), the use of multiple antibiotics and frequent replacement(>2 times/week) were the major risk factors for fungal ventilator associated pneumonia(FVAP). Among them, the age(≥60 years old), mechanical ventilation time(≥7 d), hospital stay (≥7 d), combination of bacterial infection, hypoproteinemia(≤35 g/L), the use of multiple antibiotics were the independent risk factors of FVAP. Conclusion The Candida albicans and Aspergillus are common in patients with FVAP secondary fungal infections. The risk factors of FVAP are complicated. At the same time the aseptic operation should be strictly performed and the mechanical ventilation time should be shortened as much as possible, which can effectively control the occurrence of FVAP.
[Key words] Ventilator-associated pneumonia; Lung; Fungal infection; Risk factors
隨着机械通气医治的施行,一些呼吸衰竭患者取得新的生命,但呼吸机引起的呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)成为影响患者预后的严重问题,尤其是呼吸机运用时真菌性呼吸机相关性肺炎(FVAP)的发作率呈逐年上升的趋势[1,2],也是ICU患者较常见的感染。FVAP具有逝世率高、病况开展快的特色,使其成为重症患者的首要逝世原因[3-5]。本研讨回忆性剖析温州医科大学隶属苍南医院和平阳县人民医院2013年1月~2015年12月间入住重症监护病房(ICU)选用机械通气并发VAP患者99例的临床材料,为讨论呼吸机相关性肺部真菌感染的风险要素和临床防备、医治供给参阅根据。现报导如下。