信号通路:褪黑素经过HIF—1α/VEGF信号通路减轻急性肾损害的研讨

来源:中国当代医药 ·2018年10月25日 20:10 浏览量:0

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[摘要]意图 评论脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肾损害中低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及褪黑素(Mel)对其表达的影响。办法 选取3~5周龄的30只Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠作为研讨目标,随机分为对照组(n=10)、LPS组(n=10,静脉打针500 μg/kg LPS)、Mel+LPS组(n=10,打针LPS之前15 min给予Mel)。48 h后选用TBA法检测肾安排的丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,分别用RT-qPCR和免疫组化检测HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平。成果 LPS组肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、肾间质水肿,有炎细胞滋润;Mel+LPS组的上述体现显着减轻。LPS组血清BUN和Scr含量[(35.56±1.83)mmol/L和(46.23±2.87)μmol/L]显着高于对照组[(12.69±0.97)mmol/L和(16.73±1.26)μmol/L]以及Mel+LPS组[(23.17±1.33)mmol/L和(35.67±2.25)μmol/L](P<0.05)。LPS组小鼠肾安排的MDA水平[(697.45±43.13)nmol/(mg·prot)]与对照组[(354.35±28.12)nmol/(mg·prot)]比较急剧增高(P<0.05),Mel+LPS组的MDA[(455.37±30.79)nmol/(mg·prot)]与LPS组比较则显着下降(P<0.05)。LPS组小鼠肾安排的SOD水平[(3.75±0.23)U/(mg·prot)]与对照组[(2.93±0.29)U/(mg·prot)]比较急剧下降(P<0.05),Mel+LPS组的SOD水平[(3.20±0.27)U/(mg·prot)]与LPS组比较显着增高(P<0.05)。LPS组小鼠肾安排的HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA和蛋白水平与对照组比较急剧增高(P<0.05),Mel+LPS组与LPS组比较显着下降(P<0.05)。定论 Mel经过按捺MDA的发作和上调SOD的活性,调控HIF-1α和VEGF的表达,起到了维护LPS诱导的急性肾损害(AKI)肾脏功用的效果。

[关键词]褪黑素;肾损害低氧诱导因子1α;血管内皮生长因子

[中图分类号] R-332 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)10(b)-0012-04

[Abstract]Objective To investigate the expression and influence of melatonin on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in acute kidney injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods 30 Sprague-Dawly(3-5 weeks) rats were selected and randomly divided into the control group (n=10),the LPS group (n=10,500 μg/kg LPS was injected intravenously) and the Mel+LPS group (n=10,melatonin was administrated orally,15 min later,LPS was given),followed by 48 hours,the rats were killed.The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test was given to detect the level of MDA and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).The mRNAs and proteins of HIF-1α and VEGF were determined by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry.Results There was renal tubular epithelial cells swelling,renal interstitial edema and inflammation in the LPS group,those symptoms was attenuant in Mel+LSP group.The level of Scr and BUN in the LPS group [(35.56±1.83)mmol/L and (46.23±2.87)μmol/L] was higher than that in the control group [(12.69±0.97)mmol/L and (16.73±1.26)μmol/L] and the Mel+LPS group [(23.17±1.33)mmol/L and (35.67±2.25)μmol/L] (P<0.05).The level of MDA in the LPS group [(697.45±43.13)nmol/(mg·prot)] was higher than that in the control group [(354.35±28.12)nmol/(mg·prot)] and the level of MDA in the Mel+LPS group [(455.37±30.79)nmol/(mg·prot)] was lower than that in the LPS group (P<0.05).The level of SOD in the LPS group [(3.75±0.23)U/(mg·prot)] was lower than that in the control group [(2.93±0.29)U/(mg·prot)] and Mel+LPS group[(3.20±0.27)U/(mg·prot)] (P<0.05).The level of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA and protein in the LPS group was higher than that in the control group,and less than that in the Mel+LPS group.Conclusion By inhibiting the production of MDA and up regulating the activity of SOD,Mel can regulate the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α,and plays a role in protecting LPS induced AKI renal function.

[Key words]Melatonin;Renal injury hypoxia inducible factor-1α;Vascular endothelial growth factor

内毒素血症(endotoxemia,ETM)可出现在儿科多体系的多种疾病中,一旦并发肾损害常难以救治。缺氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)在多种肾损害的动物模型中具有肾脏维护效果,其在肾损害发病过程中的效果在临床研讨中也备受重视。血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是HIF-1α最重要的靶基因之一,在缺氧状况下可被HIF-1α敏捷诱导活化。褪黑素(melatonin,Mel)是松果体排泄的吲哚类神经内排泄激素,现在临床上首要用于内排泄和肿瘤等其他疾病的医治。近年来的研讨标明,Mel对ETM肾损害具有维护效果。本试验经过调查ETM年少大鼠肾安排中HIF-1α、VEGF的表达,评论Mel干涉对ETM肾损害的效果及其对HIF-1α介导的VEGF表达的影响。

1材料与办法

1.1材料

血清肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)检测试剂购自Cell Signaling Technology,脂多糖(lipopo-lysaccharide,LPS)购至Sigma, Mel购自Sigma-Aldrich,兔抗HIF-1α抗体、兔抗VEGF抗体和兔抗β-actin抗体购自Abcam,HRP符号的山羊抗兔IgG购自博兴生物,DAB辣根过氧化物酶显色试剂盒购自碧云天,RT-qPCR试剂盒购自Thermo Fisher Scientific。清洁级3~5周龄雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠30只,购自贵州医科大学动物试验中心。

1.2动物模型树立

将3~5周龄清洁级SD大鼠随机分为对照组、LPS组、Mel+LPS组,每组10只。LPS组静脉打针500 μg/kg LPS,Mel+LPS组打针LPS之前15 min给予Mel,然后500 μg/kg LPS静脉打针,48 h后,麻醉下处死年少大鼠,采血1 ml,取双侧肾脏。

1.3大鼠肾功用相关目标检测及病理学检测

全自动生化仪测Scr、BUN。处死大鼠,取肾安排用于病理检测。白腊切片惯例过碘酸希夫反响(periodic acid-Schiff reaction,PAS)染色,光镜下双盲法调查肾小管间质的改变状况。

1.4大鼠肾脏氧化应激相关目标检测

肾安排匀浆(0.01 mol/L PBS缓冲液以发作10%安排裂解液),依照试剂盒说明书操作,用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定肾脏的MDA水平,检测535 nm处吸光度,成果用nmol/(mg·prot)表明。用超氧化物歧化酶SOD测定试剂盒检测肾脏SOD活性,依照试剂盒说明书操作,检测550 nm处吸光度,成果用U/(mg·prot)表明。

1.5免疫安排化学法检测肾安排HIF-1α和VEGF的蛋白表达

白腊切片2 μm,惯例脱蜡至水,灭活内源性酶,热修正抗原。加1∶150稀释的兔抗HIF-1α抗体、兔抗VEGF抗体,4℃过夜;生物素符号抗兔IgG(1∶1000),室温孵育2 h;洗刷后,加辣根过氧化物酶符号的链霉亲和素工作液孵育,37℃,30 min,DAB显色,封片、显微镜调查。

1.6 RT-qPCR检测肾安排HIF-1α和VEGF mRNA的表达

Trizol裂解细胞提取总RNA,用紫外可见分光光度仪测定其纯度和含量。回转录得到cDNA。热循环的条件:94℃变性30 s,54℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min,循环30次。mRNA的表达改变用2ΔΔCt表明。

1.7统计学处理

选用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对数据进行剖析,计量材料以x±s表明,多组间比较选用单因素方差剖析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学含义。

2成果

2.1各组肾安排HE染色的病理学改变

LPS组的肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、肾间质水肿,有炎细胞滋润。Mel+LPS组与LPS组比较,上述体现显着减轻(图1)。

2.2各组肾功用改变和氧化应激相关目标的比较

LPS组的血清BUN、Scr含量显着高于对照组,Mel+LPS组的BUN、Scr含量显着低于LPS组,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05)。LPS组小鼠肾安排的MDA水平显着高于对照组,Mel+LPS组小鼠肾安排的MDA水平显着低于LPS组,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05)。LPS组小鼠肾安排的SOD水平显着低于对照组,Mel+LPS组小鼠肾安排的SOD水平显着高于LPS组,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05)(表1)。

2.3 Mel对HIF-1α mRNA和蛋白表达的影响

LPS组小鼠肾安排的HIF-1α mRNA(4.35±1.87)和蛋白水平(6.82±1.97)与对照组(1.00±0.00)和(3.29±0.57)比较急剧增高,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05)。Mel+LPS组的HIF-1α mRNA(2.35±0.76)和蛋白水平(3.95±1.02)与LPS组比较显着下降,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05)(图2、图3)。

2.4 Mel对VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达的影响

LPS组小鼠肾安排的VEGF mRNA(2.01±1.32)和蛋白水平(4.34±1.26)与对照组(1.00±0.00)和(2.53±0.74)比较显着上调,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05)。Mel+LPS组的VEGF mRNA(1.35±0.18)和蛋白水平(2.55±0.75)与LPS组比较显着下调,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05)(图4、图5)。

3评论

ETM可出现在儿科多体系的多种疾病中,是儿科ICU中重症感染患儿最常见的逝世原因之一。肾脏是其重要靶器官,一旦并发急性肾损害(AKI)常难以救治[1]。近年来,HIF-1在某些肾脏疾病中的效果逐步遭到重视,但是,HIF-1活性及其对下流基因VEGF的表达调控在ETM年少大鼠肾损害过程中扮演的人物尚不清楚[2]。Mel是松果体排泄的吲哚类神经内排泄激素,是现在最为强效的自由基铲除剂,在肾脏疾病中发挥着抗氧化、抗凋亡和免疫调理效果[3]。

3.1 Mel对LPS诱导的肾功用的维护效果

Mel首要作为医治失眠的睡觉调理剂。Mehta等[4]证明,血液透析终晚期肾病(end stage renal disease,ESRD)患者体内的Mel水平显着低于正常人,血液透析患者可以经过摄入Mel改进其睡觉质量。日本学者发现,其可推迟肾脏肥壮的发作、开展。本研讨成果显现,LPS诱导的大鼠肾功用受损,Scr和BUN增高,Mel+LPS使大鼠肾功用显着改进,Scr和BUN显着下降。这一成果验证了Mel可以改进肾功用的定论。

3.2 Mel对氧化应激相关目标的影响

在正常状况下,活性氧被少数开释且被内生的抗氧化剂所拮抗,如过氧化氢酶[5-7]。高水平和低水平的氧分压都会增强氧化应激,这使得保持安排的含氧量处在生理水平,可以避免氧化应激给安排带来的损害。安排MDA水平可代表安排的氧化应激水平,而SOD为安排铲除氧自由基的首要酶[8-11]。Sasabe等[12]发现Mel可以调理MDA和SOD的表达,然后避免细胞的DNA损害。

在乳腺癌安排内,Mel可以经过SOD按捺HIF-1α,一起按捺HIF-1α诱导的VEGF的表达[13-15]。本研讨成果显现,Mel可以维护肾功用,且Mel可以下调HIF-1α和VEGF。

Mel能反转LPS诱导的肾安排的MDA增高而使SOD削减。LPS诱导的氧化应激加剧了AKI小鼠的肾脏功用障碍。Mel经过按捺MDA的发作、上调SOD的表达、活性调控HIF-1α和VEGF的表达起到了抗氧化应激维护LPS诱导的AKI肾脏功用的效果,这为研讨Mel在肾脏中的维护效果供给了必定的试验根据。

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