榜首肾移植网:肾移植患者心思整合状况的临床查询

来源:中国当代医药 ·2018年11月08日 17:12 浏览量:0

周琴飞+张亚林

[摘要]意图 通過查询肾移植术后患者焦虑、郁闷等心思状况及心思整合状况,剖析肾移植术后患者的心思体会。办法 归入2012年5~9月在中南大学三所隶属医院就诊的303例肾移植术后患者,选用定式问卷,包含基本状况表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、郁闷自评量表(SDS)和心思整合状况表,查询肾移植患者的心思整合状况现状及与心思状况的相关性。成果 肾移植患者的SAS得分为(40.99±10.08)分,SDS得分为(44.84±11.93)分,均高于常模[(37.23±12.59)、(41.88±10.57)分](P=0.000);绝大部分(84.2%)肾移植患者以为移植的肾脏已成为自己身体的一部分,而仍有患者不确定(11.5%),乃至有些患者(21.8%)以为移植的肾脏是体内异物。将心思整合状况进行因子剖析,提取出两个因子——器官整合及与供者联系。相关性剖析显现,器官整合、与供者联系均与SAS、SDS得分明显相关(P<0.05)。定论 大多数肾移植患者的心思整合状况杰出,但仍有一部分患者心思整合进程继续存在反常,临床上应前期辨别心思整合呈现问题的患者,及时介入干涉,以改进患者的心思状况,进步其生计质量。

[关键词]肾移植;心思整合;焦虑;郁闷

[中图分类号] R318.16 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)12(a)-0007-04

Clinical investigation of psychological integration in patients with kidney transplantation

ZHOU Qin-fei1 ZHANG Ya-lin2

1.Department of General Medicine,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital,Hangzhou 310022,China;2.Department of Mental Health,the Second Hospital of Xiangya in Central South University of Hunan Province,Changsha 410011,China

[Abstract]Objective To investigate the anxiety and depression of psychological state and so on and psychological integration status of patients after kidney transplantation,and analyze the psychological experience of patients after kidney transplantation.Methods 303 cases after kidney transplantation treated by three affiliated hospitals of Central South University from May to September 2012 were included.Formulary questionnaire including basic information table,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and psychological integration scale were used to investigate the psychological integration of patients after kidney transplantation and the correlation between psychological integration and psychological state.Results SAS score of patients with kidney transplantation was (40.99±10.08) points,SDS score was (44.84±11.93) points,and SAS and SDS score were higher than those of the norm [(37.23±12.59) points,(41.88±10.57) points] (P=0.000).The vast majority (84.2%) of patients with kidney transplant believed that the transplanted kidney had become a part of the body,but still a small part of the patients (11.5%) were not sure even some patients (21.8%) thought that the kidney transplanted were still a foreign body.Factor analysis of psychological integration was conducted and two factors extracted—organ integration and the relationship with donor.Correlation analysis showed that organ integration and the relationship with donor were significantly correlated with SAS and SDS score (P<0.05).Conclusion Most of patients with kidney transplant have good psychological integration,but there is still a part of patients with persistent abnormal psychological integration process,early identification of psychological integration problems of patients and timely intervention can improve the psychological status and quality of life of patients with kidney transplantation.

[Key words]Kidney transplantation;Psychological integration;Anxiety;Depression

终晚期肾病指各种缓慢肾脏疾病的终末阶段,而肾移植已经成为终晚期肾病医治的最佳挑选。国外许多研讨发现移植患者对本身疾病及移植器官的感知可能影响患者的躯体康复[1-3],因而,关于肾移植患者而言,除了术后生理功能的康复外,对新器官的认知及心思体会也相同重要[2,4]。

心思整合概念早在1971年由Muslin[5]提出,界说为移植的器官被机体接收、同化成为本身一部分的进程,一起提出了渐进性内化假说:初始阶段为异体阶段,患者将移植器官以为是生疏的“异物”,呈现“自我”排挤;第二阶段为部分一体化阶段,患者对新器官的注重度下降,移植器官为过渡目标,此刻既是“异物”,也是“自我的一部分”;最后为彻底一体化阶段,移植器官变成“自我的一部分”,不再有意地被患者所感知。心思整合被以为是长时刻的渐进进程,因为个别存在差异,这一进程有可能呈现各种问题,比方后期会从头发生“异物”感或激烈的敌视心思等[6]。

现在,在国内器官移植范畴,精力心思相关的研讨相对较少,而有关心思整合的研讨更是有限,人们对这一进程尚缺少深化的了解和知道。本研讨意在查询肾移植患者的心思整合状况以及相关的心思状况,评论我国文化背景下肾移植患者的心思体会,以寻觅可能的临床干涉切入点。

1材料与办法

1.1一般材料

本研讨共归入303例肾移植术后患者,均为2012年5~9月在中南大学三所隶属医院住院医治或门诊复查的患者。男性218例,女人85例,年纪16~66岁,均匀(38.12±10.43)岁。一切患者认识清楚,阅览和理解能力满意研讨条件,扫除重性精力病及认知功能障碍患者。

1.2研讨办法

对契合规范的肾移植术后患者,选用定式问卷,共同的指导语,以确保数据的客观性和准确性,问卷包含基本状况表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及郁闷自评量表(SDS)、心思整合状况表。心思整合状况表来自Goetzmann等[7]的研讨,翻译为中文,合计5个条目:①我感觉移植的肾脏是体内的异物;②移植肾脏已成为我身体的一部分;③有时感觉自己的性情有点像供肾者;④我常常想到供肾者;⑤肾移植对我现在的日子无明显影响。每个条目有5个选项,分别为彻底正确、正确、不确定、过错、彻底过错。

1.3统计学剖析

将问卷和量表的数据进行收拾、录入和编码,树立数据库,选用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据处理。计量材料以均数±规范差(x±s)表明,选用t查验,相关剖析选用Pearson相关性剖析,心思整合状况剖析选用因子剖析,以 P<0.05为差异有统计学含义。

2成果

2.1肾移植患者的心思状况剖析

303例患者完成了SAS和SDS查询,基本状况见表1、表2。由表2可见,肾移植患者的SAS、SDS得分均高于常模,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05)。

2.2肾移植患者心思整合状况

303例肾移植术后患者完成了心思整合状况表,成果见表3。

进一步对肾移植患者的心思整合状况进行因子剖析,共概括成两个因子。条目1、2组成器官整合因子,条目3、4、5组成第2因子——与供者联系。肾移植患者心思整合状况的因子剖析成果见表4、图1。

2.3肾移植患者心思状况与心思整合状况的相关性剖析

将肾移植术后患者焦虑郁闷等心思状况与患者的心思整合状况进行相关性剖析,发现因子1(器官整合)、因子2(与供者联系)与SAS得分、SDS得分均相关(P<0.05)(表5)。

3评论

经过本研讨发现,绝大部分肾移植术后患者具有杰出的心思整合进程,但仍有患者不确定(11.5%)或以为(21.8%)移植肾是自己体内的异物。有适当一部分肾移植患者以为(19.8%)或不确定(29.4%)自己的性情像供肾者,而将近一半的患者常常想到供者。近1/3的患者以为肾移植对自己发生了继续的影响。值得注意的是,本研讨发现移植事情发生的影响与术后时刻无关,也就是说移植事情扮演着一个继续且非常重要的人物。

经过因子剖析,本研讨判别肾移植患者的心思整合分为器官整合和与供者联系两个部分,每个部分呈现反常都可能影响心思整合进程。器官整合状况较差的患者,可能始终将移植肾看作是一种异物,乃至以为自己的身体不完整,或许忧虑移植肾随时可能呈现问题,直接炸毁自己的健康,然后整天注重自己的躯体感触,将不适感过度夸张。与供者联系严密的患者,常常以为供者可能由此带来很大的健康危险,有时将供者的任何疾病都归咎于自己身上,简单遭受到压力和愧疚感等,乃至深陷其间无法自拔,因而简单呈现各种心思问题。本研讨经过相关性剖析发现肾移植患者的焦虑、郁闷等心思问题的确与心思整合状况明显相关,这与国外研讨共同[8-9]。

移植后,患者的身体状况短时刻内呈现巨大的改动,这可能引发一个“心思危机”,而此危机的处理则是一个自我表征及器官整合的杂乱进程。许多研讨证明患者肾移植术后患者将阅历一系列正性及负性心情,例如愧疚、感恩、惧怕等[8],可能呈现体象及自我表征软弱性问题[9];一起,移植肾作为一个“异物”可能引发心里崇奉,然后引发对新器官的心思抵触并阻止对移植的承受性[10-12]。而关于新器官的心思抵触可能导致情緒问题及下降依从性等,直接猜测移植失利的可能[13-14],由此可见肾移植术后会阅历杂乱的新器官接收进程,这些进程中心思免疫机制的相互作用是非常杂乱的。

总的来说,绝大多数肾移植术后患者心思整合状况杰出,可是仍有一部分患者心思整合进程继续存在反常,因而临床上应注重辨别肾移植患者的心思整合状况,以便于前期辨别心思整合呈现问题的患者,及时介入干涉,以改进患者的心思状况及依从性等,进步患者的生计质量,并进一步影响患者的临床预后等,往后应更致力于探究影响肾移植患者心思整合的相关要素,研讨改进心思整合进程的干涉途径,改进肾移植患者的心思状况及进步其生计质量[15]。

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